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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Civil
Jets: The Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet Documentary DVD, Download, USB
May 7: National Tourism Day: -- Get out
and get away! Open up to new experiences and make way for
adventure! In honor of National Tourism Day, take some time to
celebrate and show appreciation for the freedom and ability to
take excursions and trips whether near to home or across the
world. The modern form of tourism got its start in Europe back in
the 17th century. Prior to that time, the main reasons for travel
were often related to either trade and business or for religious
pilgrimage purposes. Prior to the industrial revolution, travel
was slow and difficult, often taking months to complete a journey
that could be completed in just a few days now. By the 17th
century, young European nobles began to take educational trips to
learn more about other countries and cultures, often called the
"Grand Tour". With the advancement of train travel and
steamer ships, travel became more and more accessible. National
Tourism Day was established to encourage and celebrate the
benefits of travel. It was in 1983 that US President Ronald Reagan
signed a proclamation that urged Americans to observe National
Travel & Tourism Week for a week in early May. From there,
National Tourism Day evolved and started its celebration on May 7.
In October 1958, Pan American Airlines, in order to reduce its
seat cost by 30% to make flying more affordable for an untapped
prospective tourist market. wanted a jet airliner 2+1/2 times the
size of its newly acquired Boeing 707 long-range narrow-body
airliner, the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing
Commercial Airplanes. To accomodate this request, Boeing moved its
star engineer Joe Sutter, who became known as "The Father Of
The 747", from its 737 development program to design the 747.
In April 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 Boeing 747-100 aircraft, and in
late 1966, Pratt & Whitney agreed to develop the JT9D engine,
a high-bypass turbofan fanjet. On September 30, 1968, the first
747 was rolled out of the custom-built Everett Plant, the world's
largest building by volume. The 747's first flight took place on
February 9, 1969, and the 747 was certified in December of that
year. It entered service with Pan Am on January 22, 1970. The 747
was the first airplane called a "Jumbo Jet" as the first
wide-body airliner, and made international tourism possible for
large numbers of world travelers. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: China In
Revolution 1911-1949 TV Series DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
May 7: National Day Of Humiliation (The
Republic Of China, The Peoples Republic Of China): -- May 7, 1915:
China: The History Of China: The Century Of Humiliation (The
Hundred Years Of National Humiliation): The Warlord Era: The
Japanese 21 Demands Ultimatum (National Day Of Humiliation
[Republic Of China]): -- A reduced set of "Thirteen Demands"
was transmitted by Japan to China on May 7 in the form of an
ultimatum, with a two-day deadline for response. The Twenty-One
Demands were a set of demands made during the First World War by
the Empire Of Japan under Prime Minister Okuma Shigenobu sent to
the government of the Republic Of China on January 8, 1915. The
demands would greatly extend Japanese control of Manchuria and of
the Chinese economy, and were opposed by Britain and the United
States. In the final settlement Japan gained a little but lost a
great deal of prestige and trust in Britain and the US. The
Chinese people responded with a spontaneous nationwide boycott of
Japanese goods; Japan's exports to China fell 40%. Britain was
affronted and no longer trusted Japan as a partner. With the First
World War underway, Japan's position was strong and Britain's was
weak. Nevertheless, Britain (and the United States) forced Japan
to drop the fifth set of demands that would have given Japan a
large measure of control over the entire Chinese economy and ended
the Open Door Policy. Japan obtained its first four sets of goals
in a treaty with China on May 25, 1915. The Twenty One Demands
were grouped into five groups: Group #1 confirmed Japan's recent
seizure of German ports and operations in Shandong Province, and
expanded Japan's sphere of influence over the railways, coasts and
major cities of the province; Group #2 pertained to Japan's South
Manchuria Railway Zone, extending the leasehold over the territory
for 99 years, and expanding Japan's sphere of influence in
southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, to include rights
of settlement and extraterritoriality, appointment of financial
and administrative officials to the government and priority for
Japanese investments in those areas. Japan demanded access to
Inner Mongolia for raw materials, as a manufacturing site, and as
a strategic buffer against Russian encroachment in Korea; Group #3
gave Japan control of the Hanyeping mining and metallurgical
complex in central China; it was deep in debt to Japan. Group #4
barred China from giving any further coastal or island concessions
to foreign powers; and Group #5 was the most aggressive. China was
to hire Japanese advisors who could take effective control of
China's finance and police. Japan would be empowered to build
three major railways, and also Buddhist temples and schools. Japan
would gain effective control of Fujian, opposite the island of
Formosa (modern Taiwan). Knowing the negative reaction Group #5
would cause, Japan initially tried to keep its contents secret.
The Chinese government attempted to stall for as long as possible
and leaked the full contents of the Twenty-One Demands to the
European powers in the hope that due to a perceived threat to
their own political and economic spheres of interest, they would
help contain Japan. After China rejected Japan's revised proposal
on April 26, 1915, the genro intervened and deleted 'Group 5' from
the document, as these had proved to be the most objectionable to
the Chinese government. Yuan Shikai, competing with other local
warlords to become the ruler of all China, was not in a position
to risk war with Japan, and accepted appeasement, a tactic
followed by his successors. The final form of the treaty was
signed by both parties on May 25, 1915. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: French
Revolution Series + Irish Rebellion & 3 Bonuses: 3 MP4s or
DVDs
May 7, 1794: The Age Of Enlightenment
(The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The
Atlantic Revolutions: The French Revolution: The French First
Republic (French: Premiere Republique; Revolutionary France,
Officially The French Republic [French: Republique Francaise]):
The National Convention (French: Convention Nationale): The Cult
Of The Supreme Being (French: Culte De L'Etre Supreme): --
Maximilien Robespierre introduces The Cult Of The Supreme Being in
the National Convention as the new state religion of the French
First Republic. The Cult Of The Supreme Being was a form of deism
intended as a replacement for Roman Catholicism and its rival, the
Cult of Reason, France's first established state sponsored
atheistic religion. Robespierre believed that reason is only a
means to an end, and the singular end is virtue. He sought to move
beyond simple deism (often described as Voltairean by its
adherents) to a new and, in his view, more rational devotion to
the godhead. The primary principles of the Cult Of The Supreme
Being were a belief in the existence of a god and the immortality
of the human soul. Though not inconsistent with Christian
doctrine, these beliefs were put to the service of Robespierre's
fuller meaning, which was of a type of civic-minded, public virtue
he attributed to the Greeks and Romans. This type of virtue could
only be attained through active fidelity to liberty and
democracy.] Belief in a living god and a higher moral code, he
said, were "constant reminders of justice" and thus
essential to a republican society. To inaugurate the new state
religion, Robespierre declared that 20 Prairial Year II (June 8,
1794) would be the first day of national celebration of the
Supreme Being, and future republican holidays were to be held
every tenth day, the days of rest (decadi) in the new French
Republican Calendar. Every locality was mandated to hold a
commemorative event, but the event in Paris was designed on a
massive scale. The festival was organized by the artist
Jacques-Louis David and took place around a man-made mountain on
the Champ de Mars. Robespierre assumed full leadership of the
event, forcefully, and, to many, ostentatiously, declaring the
truth and "social utility" of his new religion. The Cult
Of The Supreme Being and its festival may have contributed to the
Thermidorian Reaction (On 9 Thermidor Year II [July 27, 1794],
Robespierre was denounced by members of the National Convention as
"a tyrant", leading to Robespierre and twenty-one
associates including Louis Antoine de Saint-Just being arrested
that night and beheaded on the following day). With Robespiere's
execution by guillotine on July 28, 1794, the cult lost all
official sanction, and disappeared from public view. It was
officially banned by Napoleon Bonaparte on April 8, 1802 with his
Law on Cults of 18 Germinal, Year X. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Daley: The
Last Boss: Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley MP4 Download DVD
May 7, 1800: The United States: The
History Of The United States: The Territorial Expansion Of The
United States (The Territorial Evolution Of The United States):
Chicago: The History Of Chicago: -- Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable
(also spelled Point De Sable, Point Au Sable, Point Sable, Pointe
DuSable, or Pointe Du Sable), Black Haitian American frontier
trader, fur trapper, farmer and businessman known as "The
Father Of Chicago" and "The Founder Of Chicago",
regarded as the first permanent non-native settler of what would
later become Chicago, Illinois, recognized as the city's founder
(before 1750 - August 28, 1818) sells all his Chicago property,
where he settled near the mouth of the Chicago River around the
1780s, a site now memorialized as a National Historic Landmark
located in what is now Pioneer Court, for 1.2K USD. Point du Sable
was of African descent, but little else is known of his early life
prior to the 1770s. There are no records of Point du Sable's life
prior to the 1770s. Though it is known from sources during his
life that he was of African descent, his birth date, place of
birth, and parents are unknown. Juliette Kinzie, another early
pioneer of Chicago, never met Point du Sable but said in her 1856
memoir that he was "a native of St. Domingo" (the island
of Hispaniola). This became generally accepted as his place of
birth. Historian Milo Milton Quaife regarded Kinzie's account of
Point du Sable as "largely fictitious and wholly
unauthenticated", later putting forward a theory that he was
of African and French-Canadian origin. A historical novel
published in 1953 helped to popularize the claim that Point du
Sable was born in 1745 in Saint-Marc in Saint-Domingue (later
known as Haiti). If he was born outside continental North America,
there are competing accounts as to whether he entered as a trader
or from the north through French Canada, or from the south through
French Louisiana. During his career, the areas where he settled
and traded around the Great Lakes and in the Illinois Country
changed hands several times between France, Britain, Spain and the
United States. Described as handsome and well educated, Point du
Sable married a Potawatomi Native American woman, Kitihawa, and
they had two children. In 1779, during the American Revolutionary
War, he was arrested by the British on suspicion of being an
American Patriot sympathizer. In the early 1780s he worked for the
British lieutenant-governor of Michilimackinac on an estate at
what is now St. Clair, Michigan. Point du Sable is first recorded
as living at the mouth of the Chicago River in a trader's journal
of early 1790. By then he had established an extensive and
prosperous trading settlement in what later became the City of
Chicago. He sold his Chicago River property in 1800, returned to
Peoria, Illinois, and moved to the port of St. Charles, where he
was licensed to run a ferry across the Missouri River. Point du
Sable's successful role in developing the Chicago River settlement
was little recognized until the mid-20th century. In 20th and 21st
century Chicago, a school, museum, harbor, park, bridge, and road
have been named in du Sable's honor. He died on August 28, 1818,
almost penniless, and was buried in an unmarked grave in St.
Charles Borromeo Cemetery in St. Charles, Missouri. His entry in
the parish burial register does not mention his origins, parents,
or relatives; it simply describes him as negre (French for negro).
The St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery was moved twice in the 19th
century. Oral tradition and records of the Archdiocese of St.
Louis suggested that Point du Sable's remains were also moved. On
October 12, 1968, the Illinois Sesquicentennial Commission erected
a granite marker at the site believed to be Point du Sable's grave
in the third St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery. In 2002 an
archaeological investigation of the grave site was initiated by
the African Scientific Research Institute at the University of
Illinois at Chicago. Researchers using a combination of
ground-penetrating radar, surveys, and excavation of a 9-by-9-foot
(2.7 m _ 2.7 m) area did not find any evidence of any burials at
the supposed grave site, leading the archaeologists to conclude
that Point du Sable's remains may not have been reinterred from
one of the two previous cemeteries. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Beethoven:
The Composer As Hero DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
May 7, 1824: Premieres: Theatre
Premieres: Musical Premieres: Symphony Premieres: -- Ludwig van
Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, best known as Beethoven's Ninth
Symphony, recieves its premier performance in Vienna, Austria. The
performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the composer's
supervision. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125, is a
choral symphony, the final complete symphony by Ludwig van
Beethoven, composed between 1822 and 1824. It was first performed
in Vienna on 7 May 1824. The symphony is regarded by many critics
and musicologists as Beethoven's greatest work and one of the
supreme achievements in the history of western music. One of the
best-known works in common practice music, it stands as one of the
most performed symphonies in the world. The symphony was the first
example of a major composer using voices in a symphony. The words
are sung during the final (4th) movement of the symphony by four
vocal soloists and a chorus. They were taken from the "Ode to
Joy", a poem written by Friedrich Schiller in 1785 and
revised in 1803, with text additions made by Beethoven. In 2001,
Beethoven's original, hand-written manuscript of the score, held
by the Berlin State Library, was added to the United Nations
Memory of the World Programme Heritage list, becoming the first
musical score so designated. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Tchaikovsky's Centennial Deathday Musical Memorial MP4 Download
DVD
May 7, 1840: #BOTD: #HBD! Pyotr Ilyich
Tchaikovsky, Russian composer of the Romantic period, the first
Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression
internationally (d. November 6, 1893) is #born in Votkinsk, a
small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) near the
banks of the Kama River, and not far from the Ural Mountains in
the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military
service. Tchaikovsky wrote some of the most popular concert and
theatrical music in the current classical repertoire, including
the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, his
First Piano Concerto, Violin Concerto, the Romeo and Juliet
Overture-Fantasy, several symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin.
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a
career as a civil servant as there was little opportunity for a
musical career in Russia at the time and no system of public music
education. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he
entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from which he
graduated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching that
Tchaikovsky received there set him apart from composers of the
contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian
composers of The Five with whom his professional relationship was
mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what
he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had
been exposed from childhood. From that reconciliation, he forged a
personal but unmistakably Russian style. The principles that
governed melody, harmony, and other fundamentals of Russian music
ran completely counter to those that governed Western European
music, which seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian
music in large-scale Western composition or for forming a
composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented
Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split
personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted
apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great. That
resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia about the
country's national identity, an ambiguity mirrored in
Tchaikovsky's career. Despite his many popular successes,
Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and
depression. Contributory factors included his early separation
from his mother for boarding school followed by his mother's early
death, the death of his close friend and colleague Nikolai
Rubinstein, his failed marriage with Antonina Miliukova, and the
collapse of his 13-year association with the wealthy patroness
Nadezhda Von Meck. Tchaikovsky's homosexuality, which he kept
private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor
though some scholars have played down its importance. His
dedication of his Sixth symphony to his nephew Vladimir "Bob"
Davydov and his feelings expressed about Davydov in letters to
others, especially following Davydov's suicide, have been cited as
evidence for a romantic love between the two. Tchaikovsky's sudden
death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera, but there
is an ongoing debate as to whether cholera was indeed the cause
and whether the death was accidental or intentional. While his
music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were
initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it was sufficiently
representative of native musical values and expressed suspicion
that Europeans accepted the music for its Western elements. In an
apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded
Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than exoticism,
and said he transcended the stereotypes of Russian classical
music. Others dismissed Tchaikovsky's music as deficient because
they did not stringently follow Western principles. Pyotr Ilyich
Tchaikovsky #died in Saint Petersburg, Russia, nine days after he
conducted the premiere of his Sixth Symphony, the Pathetique, aged
53. He is interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky
Monastery, near the graves of fellow-composers Alexander Borodin,
Mikhail Glinka, and Modest Mussorgsky; later, Nikolai
Rimsky-Korsakov and Mily Balakirev were also buried nearby.
Tchaikovsky's death is attributed to cholera, caused by drinking
unboiled water at a local restaurant. In the 1980s in Britain,
however, there was academic speculation that he killed himself,
either with poison or by contracting cholera intentionally; it has
been alleged that a secret jury of his musical peers directed him
to commit suicide to atone for a homosexual relationship, then
very taboo in Russia; in the New Grove Dictionary of Music, Roland
John Wiley wrote: "the polemics over Tchaikovsky's death have
reached an impasse. As for illness, problems of evidence offer
little hope of satisfactory resolution: the state of diagnosis;
the confusion of witnesses; disregard of long-term effects of
smoking and alcohol. We do not know how Tchaikovsky died. We may
never find out." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Ulysses S.
Grant & The Battle Of The Wilderness DVD MP4 USB Drive
May 7, 1864: The American Civil War (The
Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater Of The
American Civil War: The Overland Campaign (Grant's Overland
Campaign, The Wilderness Campaign): The Battle Of The Wilderness:
-- The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, ends
as they break off from The Battle Of The Wilderness (May 5-7,
1864) and move southwards. On the morning of May 7, Grant was
faced with the prospect of attacking strong Confederate
earthworks. His cavalry was south of the infantry, fighting in the
Battle Of Todd's Tavern that was fought in anticipation of Grant's
southward move. Instead of more infantry attacks, Grant chose to
maneuver. By moving south on the Brock Road, he hoped to reach the
crossroads at Spotsylvania Court House, which would interpose his
army between Lee and Richmond, forcing Lee to fight on ground more
advantageous to the Union army. He ordered preparations for a
night march on May 7 that would reach Spotsylvania, 10 miles (16
km) to the southeast, by the morning of May 8. Once Lee found out
Grant was moving south instead of turning back, he correctly
predicted Grant would move to Spotsylvania Court House. Lee got
his army there first, and erected formidable earthworks. Grant's
infantry fought the Battle Of Spotsylvania Court House before
maneuvering yet again as the campaign continued south toward
Richmond. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Western TV Kid Shows Collection DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
May 7, 1885: #BOTD: #HBD! Gabby Hayes,
American actor, particularly in cowby and wild west films (d.
February 9, 1969) is #born George Francis Hayes in Stannards, New
York, a hamlet just outside Wellsville, New York (Hayes always
gave Wellsville as his birthplace, but legally he was born in
Stannards). Gabby Hayes' career began as something of a leading
man and a character player, but he was best known for his numerous
appearances in B-Western film series as the bewhiskered,
cantankerous, woman-hating, but ever-loyal and brave comic
sidekick of the cowboy stars Hopalong Cassidy, Roy Rogers and John
Wayne. Gabby Hayes died at Saint Joseph Hospital in Burbank,
California of cardiovascular disease at the age of 83. He is
interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park - Hollywood Hills
Cemetery in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles,
California. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Marshal
Josip Broz Tito Biography Film Set MP4 Video Download Or DVD
May 7, 1892: #BOTD: Josip Broz Tito,
Yugoslav communist revolutionary, field marshal and political
leader (d. May 4, 1980) is #born Josip Broz in Kumrovec, Kingdom
Of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia). Popularly
known as Tito, he served Yugoslavia in various roles from 1943
until his death in 1980. During World War II, he was the leader of
the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance
movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been
criticized as authoritarian and concerns about the repression of
political opponents have been raised, some historians consider him
a benevolent dictator. He was a popular public figure both in
Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal
policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the
Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as
the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, alongside Jawaharlal
Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia,
and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. Broz was born to a Croat father and
Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Austria-Hungary (now in
Croatia). Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself,
becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army
of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the
Imperial Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp
in the Ural Mountains. He participated in some events of the
Russian Revolution in 1917 and subsequent Civil War. Upon his
return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom
of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia
(KPJ). He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium)
of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939-1980) and went on
to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the
Partisans (1941-1945). After the war, he was the Prime Minister
(1944-1963), President (later President for Life) (1953-1980) of
the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to
his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia,
serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the
Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation
abroad in both Cold War blocs, he received some 98 foreign
decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the
Bath. Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a
socialist federation that lasted from November 1942 until April
1992. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he became
the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony in 1948 and the
only one in Joseph Stalin's time to manage to leave Cominform and
begin with its own socialist program with elements of market
socialism. Economists active in the former Yugoslavia, including
Czech-born Jaroslav Vanek and Croat-born Branko Horvat, promoted a
model of market socialism dubbed the Illyrian model, where firms
were socially owned by their employees and structured on workers'
self-management and competed with each other in open and free
markets. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Wings
(1927) Clara Bow Buddy Rogers Gary Cooper DVD, MP4, USB Drive
May 7, 1901: #BOTD: #HBD! Gary Cooper,
American film actor known for his natural, authentic, and
understated acting style and screen performances (d. May 13, 1961)
is #born Frank James Cooper in Helena, Montana. Gary Cooper had a
career that spanned thirty-six years, from 1925 to 1961, and
included leading roles in eighty-four feature films. He was a
major movie star from the end of the silent film era through to
the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood. His screen
persona appealed strongly to both men and women, and his range of
performances included roles in most major film genres. Cooper's
ability to project his own personality onto the characters he
played contributed to his natural and authentic appearance on
screen. Throughout his career, he sustained a screen persona that
represented the ideal American hero. Cooper began his career as a
film extra and stunt rider, but soon landed acting roles. He
establishing himself in his early silent films as a hero in
Westerns and in Wings, the first film to win an Academy Award for
Best Picture. Cooper became a movie star in 1929 with his first
sound picture, The Virginian. In the early 1930s, he expanded his
heroic image to include more cautious characters in adventure
films and dramas such as A Farewell to Arms (1932) and The Lives
of a Bengal Lancer (1935). During the height of his career, Cooper
portrayed a new type of hero-a champion of the common man-in films
such as Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Meet John Doe (1941),
Sergeant York (1941), The Pride of the Yankees (1942), and For
Whom the Bell Tolls (1943). In the postwar years, he portrayed
more mature characters at odds with the world in films such as The
Fountainhead (1949) and High Noon (1952). In his final films,
Cooper played non-violent characters searching for redemption in
films such as Friendly Persuasion (1956) and Man of the West
(1958). In 1933, he married New York debutante Veronica Balfe; the
couple had one daughter. The marriage was interrupted by a
three-year separation that was precipitated by Cooper's love
affair with Patricia Neal. Cooper received the Academy Award for
Best Actor for his roles in Sergeant York and High Noon. He also
received an Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements in
1961. He was one of the top ten film personalities for
twenty-three consecutive years and was one of the top money-making
stars for eighteen years. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked
Cooper eleventh on its list of the twenty five greatest male stars
of classic Hollywood cinema. Gary Cooper died of cancer in Los
Angeles, California, aged 60. He is buried at Sacred Hearts
Cemetery in Southampton, New York. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: U-Boat!
WWI & WWII German Submarines 3 MP4 Video Downloads Or 3 DVDs
May 7, 1915: The European Civil War:
World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World
War I): The Western Front Of World War I: Naval Warfare Of World
War I: The U-boat Campaign (The U-boat Campaign 1914-1918):
Maritime Incidents: Passenger Ship Incidents: Ocean Liner
Incidents: The RMS Lusitania: The Sinking Of The RMS Lusitania: --
The German submarine U-20 sinks the British passenger ship RMS
Lusitania carrying 2,000 passengers was torpedoed by a German
submarine off the coast of Ireland, losing 1,198 of its 1,924
passengers, including 128 Americans. The sinking turned public
opinion in many countries against Germany, contributed to the
American entry into World War I and became an iconic symbol in
military recruiting campaigns of why the war was being fought. The
sinking of the Cunard Line ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on
Friday, 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged
submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented
a naval blockade of Germany. The ship was identified and torpedoed
by the German U-boat U-20 and sank in 18 minutes. The vessel went
down 11 miles (18 km) off the Old Head of Kinsale, leaving 761
survivors. Lusitania fell victim to torpedo attack relatively
early in the First World War, before tactics for evading
submarines were properly implemented or understood. The
contemporary investigations in both the United Kingdom and the
United States into the precise causes of the ship's loss were
obstructed by the needs of wartime secrecy and a propaganda
campaign to ensure all blame fell upon Germany. Argument over
whether the ship was a legitimate military target raged back and
forth throughout the war as both sides made misleading claims
about the ship. At the time she was sunk, she was carrying over 4
million rounds of small-arms ammunition (.303 caliber), almost
5,000 shrapnel shell casings (for a total of some 50 tons), and
3,240 brass percussion fuses, in addition to 1,266 passengers and
a crew of 696. Several attempts have been made over the years
since the sinking to dive to the wreck seeking information about
precisely how the ship sank, and argument continues to the present
day. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Evita
Peron (1981) With Faye Dunaway + Bonus Biography Download Or DVD
May 7, 1919: #BOTD: Eva Peron, also known
by the nickname Evita, Argentine actress, politician, activist,
and philanthropist who served as 25th First Lady of Argentina, as
wife of Argentine President Juan Peron, from June 1946 until her
death in July 1952, and who became a part of international popular
culture, most famously as the subject of the musical Evita (1976)
(d. July 26, 1952) is #born Maria Eva Duarte in poverty in the
rural village of Los Toldos, in the Pampas, as the youngest of
five illegitimate children. She moved at the age of 15 to
Argentina's nation's capital of Buenos Aires to pursue a career as
a stage, radio, and film actress in 1934. Maria Eva Duarte de
Peron met Colonel Juan Peron on January 22, 1944 during a charity
event at the Luna Park Stadium to benefit the victims of an
earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The two were married the
following year. Juan Peron was elected President of Argentina in
June 1946; during the next six years, Eva Peron became powerful
within the pro-Peronist trade unions, primarily for speaking on
behalf of labor rights. She also ran the Ministries of Labor and
Health, founded and ran the charitable Eva Peron Foundation,
championed women's suffrage in Argentina, and founded and ran the
nation's first large-scale female political party, the Female
Peronist Party. In 1951, Eva Peron announced her candidacy for the
Peronist nomination for the office of Vice President of Argentina,
receiving great support from the Peronist political base,
low-income and working-class Argentines who were referred to as
descamisados or "shirtless ones". Opposition from the
nation's military and bourgeoisie, coupled with her declining
health, ultimately forced her to withdraw her candidacy. In 1952,
shortly before her death from cancer at 33, Eva Peron was given
the title of "Spiritual Leader Of The Nation" by the
Argentine Congress. She was given a state funeral upon her death,
a prerogative generally reserved for heads of state.She is buried
at the Cementerio De La Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Cristina Alvarez Rodriguez claims that Evita has never left the
collective consciousness of Argentines. Cristina Fernandez de
Kirchner, the first woman elected President of Argentina, claims
that women of her generation owe a debt to Eva for "her
example of passion and combativeness". On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hangar 18
1980 Gary Collins Robert Vaughn James Hampton DVD, MP4, USB
May 7, 1922: #BOTD: #HBD! Darren McGavin,
American set painter, actor of stage, radio, television and film,
best known on radio and television for Casey, Crime Photographer
(1951-1952); on the Broadway stage in My Three Angels and The
Rainmaker (both 1954); on television as the title character in
Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1958-1959), Riverboat (1959-1961),
Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1974-1975) and Murphy Brown
(1988-1998); and on film in Summertime and The Man with the Golden
Arm (both 1955), No Deposit, No Return (1976), Airport '77 (1977),
Hot Lead and Cold Feet (1978), A Christmas Story (1983), Happy
Hell Night (1992), and Billy Madison (d. February 25, 2006) is
#born William Lyle Richardson in Spokane, Washington. He also
starred in the film Hangar 18 (1980) and the television series
Ike: The War Years (1979) and My Wicked, Wicked Ways: The Legend
of Errol Flynn (1985). Darren McGavin died of cardiovascular
disease in a Los Angeles hospital, aged 83. He is interred at the
Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Wife Kathie Browne-McGavin is buried
at another local cemetery just 6 miles away at Forest Lawn
Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) in Los Angeles County, California.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Going
Hollywood: The War Years U.S. WWII Cinema DVD Download USB Drive
May 7, 1923: #BOTD: #HBD! Anne Baxter,
American actress, star of Hollywood films, Broadway productions,
radio and television series, grandaughter of Frank Lloyd Wright,
and beauty (d. December 12, 1985) is #born in Michigan City,
Indiana. Baxter won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe, and was
nominated for an Emmy. She studied acting with Maria Ouspenskaya
and had some stage experience before making her film debut in 20
Mule Team (1940). She became a contract player of 20th Century Fox
and was loaned to RKO Pictures for the role of Lucy Morgan in
Orson Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), one of her earlier
films. In 1947, she won both the Academy Award and the Golden
Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Sophie
MacDonald in The Razor's Edge (1946). In 1951, she received an
Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the title role in
All About Eve (1950). She worked with several of Hollywood's
greatest directors, including Billy Wilder in Five Graves to Cairo
(1943), Alfred Hitchcock in I Confess (1953), Fritz Lang in The
Blue Gardenia (1953), and Cecil B. DeMille in The Ten Commandments
(1956), for which she won a Laurel Award for Topliner Female
Dramatic Performance. Anne Baxter died of a stroke suffered on
December 4, 1985, while hailing a taxi on Madison Avenue in New
York City, aged 62. Baxter remained on life support for eight days
in New York's Lenox Hill Hospital, until family members agreed
that brain function had ceased. Baxter is buried on the estate of
Frank Lloyd Wright at the Unity Chapel cemetery in the town of
Wyoming, south of Spring Green, Wisconsin. The cemetery is the
private cemetery of the Lloyd Jones family, Baxter's mother's side
of the family. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: It Was
Twenty Years Ago Today: 1967 & Sgt. Pepper DVD MP4 USB Drive
May 7, 1932: #BOTD: #HBD! Derek Taylor,
English journalist, writer, publicist and record producer, best
known for his role as press officer to the Beatles in 1964 and
then from 1968 to 1970, one of several associates to earn the
moniker "the Fifth Beatle" (d. September 7, 1997) is
#born in Wirral, England. Before returning to London to head the
publicity for the Beatles' Apple Corps organisation in 1968, he
worked as the publicist for California-based bands such as the
Byrds, the Beach Boys and the Mamas and the Papas. Taylor was
known for his forward-thinking and extravagant promotional
campaigns, exemplified in taglines such as "The Beatles Are
Coming" and "Brian Wilson Is a Genius". He was
equally dedicated to the 1967 Summer of Love ethos and helped
stage that year's Monterey Pop Festival. Taylor started his career
as a local journalist on the Wirral, now part of Merseyside, aged
17 working for the Hoylake and West Kirby Advertiser followed by
the Liverpool Daily Post and Echo. He then became a North
England-based writer for national British newspapers that included
the News Chronicle, the Sunday Dispatch and the Sunday Express. He
also served as a regular columnist and theatre critic for the
Daily Express from 1952. During the 1970s, Taylor worked for
Warner Bros. Records and then HandMade Films. The term "pocket
symphony" is generally attributed to Taylor for his
description of the Beach Boys' 1966 single "Good Vibrations".
A trusted confidant of the Beatles, Taylor remained particularly
close to George Harrison long after the band's break-up and
maintained a friendship with John Lennon until the latter's death
in 1980. In addition to working as editor on Harrison's 1980
autobiography, I, Me, Mine, Taylor authored books such as As Time
Goes By, The Making of Raiders of The Lost Ark, Fifty Years Adrift
(In An Open Necked Shirt) and It Was Twenty Years Ago Today.
Having returned to Apple in the early 1990s, Taylor died of throat
cancer at his home in Sudbury, Suffolk, aged 65. Having returned
to Apple in the early 1990s, he died while he was still working
for Apple, helping to compile the Beatles Anthology book. His
funeral took place in Sudbury, Suffolk on September 12, attended
by family and friends such as Beatle George Harrison, Neil
Aspinall, Michael Palin (who played the character Eric Manchester
based on him in The Rutles mockumentary "All You Need Is
Cash"), Neil Innes and Jools Holland. He is buried in Sudbury
Cemetery, Sudbury, Suffolk, England. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC Radio
Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
May 7, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Jimmy Ruffin,
African American soul singer who had several hit records between
the 1960s and 1980s, the most successful being the Top 10 hits
"What Becomes Of The Brokenhearted" and "Hold On
(To My Love)" (d. November 17, 2014) is #born Jimmy Lee
Ruffin in Collinsville, Mississippi. Jimmy Ruffin was the elder
brother of David Ruffin of the Temptations. Jimmy Ruffin died in
Las Vegas, Nevada of undisclosed causes, aged 78. Ruffin is buried
at Palm Memorial Park Northwest Cemetery, Las Vegas, Clark County,
Nevada in the Garden of Eternal Life Section. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
History Of The Luftwaffe DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
May 7, 1937: The Interwar Period (The
Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Spanish Civil War: The Siege
Of Madrid: Air Warfare Of The Spanish Civil War: The Condor Legion
(German: Legion Condor): -- The German Condor Legion, equipped
with Heinkel He 51 single-seat biplane fighter aircraft, arrives
in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's Nationalist Faction forces.
The Condor Legion was a unit composed of military personnel from
the air force and army of Nazi Germany, which served with the
Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March
1939. The Condor Legion developed methods of strategic bombing
which were used widely in the Second World War shortly afterwards.
The bombing of Guernica was the most infamous operation carried
out by the Condor Legion. Hugo Sperrle commanded the unit's
aircraft formations and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the
ground element. Its most distinguished alumnus was Adolf Galland,
German Luftwaffe general and flying ace who served throughout the
Second World War in Europe with 705 combat missions and 104 aerial
victories, all of them against the Western Allies. While serving
in the Condor Legion, Galland piloted a Heinkel He 51 C der 3/J
88, 2/78. The Heinkel He 51 single-seat biplane fighter aircraft
was produced in a number of different versions. It was initially
developed as a fighter, a seaplane variant and a ground-attack
fighter-bomber version were also developed. It was a development
of the earlier He 49. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ
Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
May 7, 1939: #BOTD: #HBD! Johnny Maestro,
American pop/doo-wop singer, best known as a member of the Doo Wop
bands The Del-Satins, The Crests and The Brooklyn Bridge (d. March
24, 2010) is #born John Peter Mastrangelo in New York City.
Maestro began his career in 1957 as the original lead singer of
The Crests, one of the first interracial groups of the recording
industry. The Crests were an American doo-wop group, formed by
bass vocalist J.T. Carter in the mid 1950s. The group had several
Top 40 hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s on Coed Records.
Their most popular song, "16 Candles", rose to #2 on the
Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1959 selling over one million
copies and earning a gold disc status. The group's other hits
include "Step By Step", "The Angels Listened In",
"Trouble In Paradise", "Six Nights A Week",
and "A Year Ago Tonight". The Crests were the first
interracially mixed doo-wop group, consisting of three African
American members (one female), one Puerto Rican, and one Italian
American. Patricia Van Dross, older sister to famed R & B
singer Luther Vandross, sang with Johnny Maestro while The Crests
were signed to the Joyce Record label. Before The Crests signed
with Coed Records, Patricia left the group because her mother
didn't want her 15-year-old daughter touring with the older guys.
Late in 1960, Maestro would leave The Crests for a solo career.
Maestro was unable to reach his former chart heights with The
Crests. The Del-Satins were an American vocal group, most active
in the early 1960s, who recorded on their own but are best
remembered for their harmonies on hit records for Dion and others.
They song on Dion's "Runaround Sue", "The
Wanderer", "Lovers Who Wander", "Little
Diane", "Love Came to Me", "Ruby Baby",
"Donna the Prima Donna", "Drip Drop", and
"Sandy", as well as on records by Len Barry and Dean and
Jean. They also provided backing vocals on Ernie Maresca's
self-penned 1962 hit, "Shout! Shout! (Knock Yourself Out)".
They have been described as having "few peers as
practitioners of white doo-wop." Johnny Maestro & the
Brooklyn Bridge (known as The Brooklyn Bridge Band since 2010) is
an American musical group, best known for their million-selling
rendition of "Worst That Could Happen" (1968), penned by
Jimmy Webb ("Up, Up and Away", "By the Time I Get
to Phoenix", "Wichita Lineman", "Galveston",
"The Worst That Could Happen", "All I Know",
and "MacArthur Park"), a note-for-note cover of the
version previously recorded by The 5th Dimension on the album The
Magic Garden, which had not been released as a single. Johnny
Maestro died at his home in Cape Coral, Florida of cancer, aged
70. His remains were cremated, and given to his wife, Grace. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: God Bless
You Mr. Chamberlain: Neville Chamberlain DVD, Download, USB
May 7, 1940: World War II: The European
Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European
Theater Of World War II): The German Invasion Of Denmark And
Norway (Operation Weserubung [German: Unternehmen Weserubung,
"Operation Weser Exercise]): The Norwegian Campaign: The
Norway Debate (The Narvik Debate, The "Conduct Of The War"
Debate): -- A momentous debate in the British House Of Commons
begins and lasts for two days, leading to the replacement of Prime
Minister Neville Chamberlain and his government with a
broadly-based coalition government led by Winston Churchill, which
governed Britain until the end of World War II in Europe. The
debate began following an adjournment debate, which in the
Westminster System of the parliamentary government in the UK means
an adjournment motion to engage in a debate on a subject without
considering a substantive motion, i.e. a formal proposal by a
member of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain
action. The debate was primarily about the progress of the
Norwegian Campaign but it quickly brought to a head widespread
dissatisfaction with the overall conduct of the war by the
Conservative-dominated National Government, led by Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain. In the debate, Chamberlain's government was
criticised not only by the Opposition but also by respected
members of his own party. The Opposition forced a vote,
effectively a motion of no confidence, which the government won
with a greatly reduced majority. Over a quarter of Conservative
members voted with the Opposition or abstained, despite a three
line whip (a strict instruction to attend and vote, breach of
which would normally have serious consequences), and this made it
clear that support for Chamberlain in his own party was crumbling.
There were calls for national unity to be established by formation
of an all-party coalition, but it was not possible for Chamberlain
to reach agreement with the opposition Labour and Liberal parties
who refused to serve under his leadership, though they would
accept a different Conservative leader. On Friday, 10 May, the day
that Nazi Germany invaded Belgium and the Netherlands, Chamberlain
resigned and was succeeded as Prime Minister by Churchill. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Carriers:
Aircraft Carrier History TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
May 7, 1942: World War II: The Pacific
War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World War II):
The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: South West Pacific
Theater Of World War II: Operation Mo (Japanese: Mo Sakusen) (The
Port Moresby Operation): The Battle Of The Coral Sea: -- United
States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Imperial
Japanese Navy light aircraft carrier Shoho on her first combat
operation, becoming the first Japanese aircraft carrier to be sunk
during World War II. Shoho (Japanese: "Auspicious Phoenix"
or "Happy Phoenix") was originally built as the
submarine support ship Tsurugizaki in the late 1930s, Shoho was
converted before the Pacific War into an aircraft carrier and
renamed when the conversion was completed in early 1942. Shoho was
spotted by aircraft from the American carrier Lexington at 10:40;
at 11:10, Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers from the American
carriers Lexington and Yorktown began their attack on the Soho as
the three Japanese fighters attacked them in their dive. None of
the dive bombers hit Shoho, which was maneuvering to avoid their
bombs; one Dauntless was shot down by the Zero after it had pulled
out of its dive and several others were damaged. Soho launched
three more Zeros immediately after this attack to reinforce its
CAP (Combat Aiir Patrol). The second wave of Dauntlesses began
their attack at 11:18 and they hit Shoho twice with 1,000-pound
(450 kg) bombs. These penetrated the ship's flight deck and burst
inside her hangars, setting the fuelled and armed aircraft there
on fire. A minute later, Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bombers
began dropping their torpedoes from both sides of the ship. They
hit Shoho five times and the damage from the hits knocked out her
steering and power. In addition, the hits flooded both engine and
boiler rooms. The carrier Yorktown's aircraft trailed those from
Lexington, and the former's Dauntlesses began their attacks at
11:25, hitting Shoho with another eleven 1,000-pound bombs by
Japanese accounts and the carrier came to a complete stop.
Yorktown's Devastators trailed the rest of her aircraft and
attacked at 11:29. They claimed ten hits, although Japanese
accounts acknowledge only two. As the Devastators were exiting the
area, they were attacked by the CAP, but the Wildcats protecting
the torpedo bombers shot down two A5Ms and an A6M Zero. Total
American losses to all causes were three Dauntlesses. After his
attack, Lieutenant Commander Robert E. Dixon, commander of
Lexington's dive bombers, radioed his famous message to the
American carriers: "Scratch one flat top!" The Battle Of
The Coral Sea, fought from May 4-8, was a major naval battle
between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces
from the United States and Australia, taking place in the Pacific
Theatre of World War II. The battle is historically significant as
the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as
well as the first time enemy naval fleets engaged each other in
combat without sighting nor firing directly upon one another. In
an attempt to strengthen their defensive position in the South
Pacific, the Japanese decided to invade and occupy Port Moresby
(in New Guinea) and Tulagi (in the southeastern Solomon Islands).
The plan to accomplish this was called Operation Mo, and involved
several major units of Japan's Combined Fleet. These included two
fleet carriers and a light carrier to provide air cover for the
invasion forces. It was under the overall command of Japanese
Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue. The U.S. learned of the Japanese plan
through signals intelligence, and sent two United States Navy
carrier task forces and a joint Australian-U.S. cruiser force to
oppose the offensive. These were under the overall command of U.S.
Admiral Frank J. Fletcher. On May 3-4, 1942, Japanese forces
successfully invaded and occupied Tulagi, although several of
their supporting warships were sunk or damaged in surprise attacks
by aircraft from the U.S. fleet carrier Yorktown. Now aware of the
presence of U.S. carriers in the area, the Japanese fleet carriers
advanced towards the Coral Sea with the intention of locating and
destroying the Allied naval forces. On the evening of May 6, the
direction chosen for air searches by the opposing commanders
brought the two carrier forces to within 70 nmi (81 mi; 130 km) of
each other, unbeknownst to both sides. Beginning on May 7, the
carrier forces from the two sides engaged in airstrikes over two
consecutive days. On the first day, both forces mistakenly
believed they were attacking their opponent's fleet carriers, but
were actually attacking other units, with the U.S. sinking the
Japanese light carrier Shoho while the Japanese sank a U.S.
destroyer and heavily damaged a fleet oiler (which was later
scuttled). The next day, May 8, the fleet carriers found and
engaged each other, with the Japanese fleet carrier Shokaku
heavily damaged, the U.S. fleet carrier Lexington critically
damaged (and later scuttled), and Yorktown damaged. With both
sides having suffered heavy losses in aircraft and carriers
damaged or sunk, the two forces disengaged and retired from the
battle area. Because of the loss of carrier air cover, Inoue
recalled the Port Moresby invasion fleet, intending to try again
later. Although a tactical victory for the Japanese in terms of
ships sunk, the battle would prove to be a strategic victory for
the Allies for several reasons. The battle marked the first time
since the start of the war that a major Japanese advance had been
checked by the Allies. More importantly, the Japanese fleet
carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku - the former damaged and the latter
with a depleted aircraft complement - were unable to participate
in the Battle of Midway the following month, while Yorktown did
participate, ensuring a rough parity in aircraft between the two
adversaries and contributing significantly to the U.S. victory in
that battle. The severe losses in carriers at Midway prevented the
Japanese from reattempting to invade Port Moresby from the ocean
and helped prompt their ill-fated land offensive over the Kokoda
Track. Two months later, the Allies took advantage of Japan's
resulting strategic vulnerability in the South Pacific and
launched the Guadalcanal Campaign; this, along with the New Guinea
Campaign, eventually broke Japanese defenses in the South Pacific
and was a significant contributing factor to Japan's ultimate
surrender in World War II. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Crusade In
Europe WWII TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
May 7, 1945: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): The German Instrument Of Surrender (The
Capitulation Of The German State To The Conditions Provided By The
Allies, The Fall Of Nazi Germany, The Fall Of The Third Reich,
Victory In Europe): -- German Field Marshal Keitel and German
General Jodl surrender all German armed forces unconditionally as
they sign the second Instrument of Surrender to the Allies at
Reims, France, between the three armed services of the
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) and the Allied Expeditionary
Force together with the Supreme High Command of the Red Army, with
further French and US representatives signing as witnesses, ending
Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the
next day, May 8th, which is declared to be Victory In Europe Day
among the Western Allies. The Reims signing ceremony had been
attended by considerable numbers of reporters, all of whom were
bound by a 36-hour embargo against reporting the capitulation. As
it became clear that there would need to be a definitive second
signing before the Act of Surrender could become operative,
Eisenhower agreed that the news blackout should remain; however,
the American journalist Edward Kennedy of the Associated Press
news agency in Paris broke the embargo on 7 May, with the
consequence that the German surrender was headline news in the
western media on May 8. Realizing that it had become politically
impossible to keep to the original timetable, it was eventually
agreed that the Western Allies would celebrate "Victory in
Europe Day" on 8 May, but that western leaders would not make
their formal proclamations of Victory until that evening (when the
Berlin signing ceremony should be imminent). The Soviet government
made no public acknowledgement of the Reims signing, which they
did not recognize; Soviet Union celebrated "Victory Day"
on May 9, 1945 because this document was signed when time was May
9 in Soviet Union. Today, both May 8 and May 9 are considered the
end of World War II in Europe to celebrate due to time zone
difference, and May 9 is declared to be Victory Day among the
sixteen republics of the former Soviet Union. Thirty minutes after
the fall of "Festung Breslau" (Fortress Breslau) on May
6, General Alfred Jodl arrived in Reims and, following Doenitz's
instructions, offered to surrender all forces fighting the Western
Allies. This was exactly the same negotiating position that von
Friedeburg had initially made to Montgomery, and like Montgomery
the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower,
threatened to break off all negotiations unless the Germans agreed
to a complete unconditional surrender to all the Allies on all
fronts. Eisenhower explicitly told Jodl that he would order
western lines closed to German soldiers, thus forcing them to
surrender to the Soviets. Jodl sent a signal to Doenitz, who was
in Flensburg, informing him of Eisenhower's declaration. Shortly
after midnight, Doenitz, accepting the inevitable, sent a signal
to Jodl authorizing the complete and total surrender of all German
forces. At 02:41 on the morning of 7 May, at SHAEF headquarters in
Reims, France, the Chief-of-Staff of the German Armed Forces High
Command, General Alfred Jodl, signed an unconditional surrender
document for all German forces to the Allies, committing
representatives of the German High Command to attend a definitive
signing ceremony in Berlin. General Franz Boehme announced the
unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway on 7 May. It
included the phrase "All forces under German control to cease
active operations at 2301 hours Central European Time on May 8,
1945.". The next day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel and other
German OKW representatives travelled to Berlin, and shortly before
midnight signed an amended and definitive document of
unconditional surrender, explicitly surrendering to all the Allied
forces in the presence of Marshal Georgi Zhukov and
representatives of SHAEF. The signing ceremony took place in a
former German Army Engineering School in the Berlin district of
Karlshorst; it now houses the German-Russian Museum
Berlin-Karlshorst. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Deming
Of America: W. Edwards Deming DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
May 7, 1946: The Industrial Revolution:
The Third Industrial Revolution (1947-Present) (The Information
Age, The Computer Age, The Digital Age, The Digital Electronics
Revolution, The Silicon Age, The New Media Age, The Media Age):
The Electronics Industry: Foundings: Business Foundings: Sony: --
Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo K.K. (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering) is
founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita with around 20 employees.
Renamed The Sony Corporation in 1958, it has since become The Sony
Group Corporation, commonly referred to as Sony, a multinational
conglomerate headquartered at Sony City in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Today, The Sony Group encompasses various businesses, including
electronics, imaging and sensing (Sony Semiconductor Solutions),
film and television (Sony Pictures Entertainment), music (Sony
Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment Japan), video games (Sony
Interactive Entertainment), and others. Initially an electronics
firm whose first product was an electric rice cooker, it gained
early recognition for products such as the TR-55 transistor radio
and the CV-2000 home video tape recorder, contributing
significantly to Japan's post-war economic recovery. After Ibuka's
retirement in the 1970s, Morita served as chairman until 1994,
overseeing Sony's rise as a global brand recognized for innovation
in consumer electronics. Landmark products included the Trinitron
color television, the Walkman portable audio player, and the
co-development of the compact disc. Expanding beyond electronics,
Sony acquired CBS Records in 1988 and Columbia Pictures
Entertainment in 1989, while also entering the home video game
console market with the launch of the PlayStation in 1994. In
Japan, the company further diversified by establishing a financial
services division in 2001, that would be turned into a separate
company in September 2025, with the group maintaining 20% of the
shares. In 2021, the company was renamed Sony Group Corporation as
it transitioned into a holding company structure, with its
electronics business continuing under the name Sony Corporation.
In 2020, Sony held a 55% share of the global image sensor market,
making it the largest image sensor manufacturer, the second
largest camera manufacturer, a semiconductor sales leader, and the
world's third-largest television manufacturer by sales. Although
Sony is not part of a traditional keiretsu, it has historical ties
to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, dating back to the 1950s
when it relied exclusively on Mitsui Bank for financing. Sony is
publicly traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (a component of the
Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Core30 indices) and also maintains American
depositary receipts on the New York Stock Exchange, where it has
been listed since 1961. As of 2021, it ranked 88th on the Fortune
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Falklands War: The Untold Story TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
May 7, 1953: #BOTD: #HBD! Ian McKay,
English Sergeant of 4 Platoon, B Company, 3 Para, who during the
The Falklands War died in a grenade attack on an Argentine bunker
fighting during The Fall Of Stanley, which earned him a posthumous
Victoria Cross (d. June 12, 1982) is #born Ian John McKay in
Wortley, near Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. On the night of
June 11, after several days of painstaking reconnaissance and
logistic build-up, British forces launched a brigade-sized night
attack against the heavily defended ring of high ground
surrounding Stanley. Units of 3 Commando Brigade, supported by
naval gunfire from several Royal Navy ships, simultaneously
attacked in the Battle of Mount Harriet, Battle of Two Sisters,
and Battle of Mount Longdon. Mount Harriet was taken at a cost of
2 British and 18 Argentine soldiers. At Two Sisters, the British
faced both enemy resistance and friendly fire, but managed to
capture their objectives. The toughest battle was at Mount
Longdon. British forces were bogged down by assault rifle, mortar,
machine gun, artillery fire, sniper fire, and ambushes. Despite
this, the British continued their advance. During this battle, 13
were killed when HMS Glamorgan, straying too close to shore while
returning from the gun line, was struck by an improvised
trailer-based Exocet MM38 launcher taken from the destroyer ARA
Segui by Argentine Navy technicians. After a night of fierce
fighting, all objectives were secured. Both sides suffered heavy
losses. The night of June 13 saw the start of the second phase of
attacks, in which the momentum of the initial assault was
maintained. 2 Para, with light armour support from The Blues and
Royals, captured Wireless Ridge, with the loss of 3 British and 25
Argentine lives, and the 2nd battalion, Scots Guards captured
Mount Tumbledown at the Battle of Mount Tumbledown, which cost 10
British and 30 Argentine lives. With the last natural defence line
at Mount Tumbledown breached, the Argentine town defences of
Stanley began to falter. In the morning gloom, one company
commander got lost and his junior officers became despondent.
Private Santiago Carrizo of the 3rd Regiment described how a
platoon commander ordered them to take up positions in the houses
and "if a Kelper resists, shoot him", but the entire
company did nothing of the kind. A ceasefire was declared on June
14, and the commander of the Argentine garrison in Stanley,
Brigade General Mario Menendez, conditionally surrendered to
British Major General Jeremy Moore. The Falklands War (Spanish:
Guerra de las Malvinas), also known as the Falklands Conflict,
Falklands Crisis, Malvinas War, South Atlantic Conflict, and the
Guerra del Atlantico Sur (Spanish for "South Atlantic War"),
was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over
two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the
Falkland Islands, and its territorial dependency, the South
Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It began on Friday, 2
April 1982, when Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland
Islands (and, the following day, South Georgia and the South
Sandwich Islands) in an attempt to establish the sovereignty it
had claimed over them. On 5 April, the British government
dispatched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air
Force before making an amphibious assault on the islands. The
conflict lasted 74 days and ended with the Argentine surrender on
14 June 1982, returning the islands to British control. In total,
649 Argentine military personnel, 255 British military personnel,
and three Falkland Islanders died during the hostilities. The
conflict was a major episode in the protracted confrontation over
the territories' sovereignty. Argentina asserted (and maintains)
that the islands are Argentine territory, and the Argentine
government thus characterised its military action as the
reclamation of its own territory. The British government regarded
the action as an invasion of a territory that had been a Crown
colony since 1841. Falkland Islanders, who have inhabited the
islands since the early 19th century, are predominantly
descendants of British settlers, and strongly favour British
sovereignty. Neither state officially declared war, although both
governments declared the Islands a war zone. Hostilities were
almost exclusively limited to the territories under dispute and
the area of the South Atlantic where they lie. The conflict has
had a strong effect in both countries and has been the subject of
various books, articles, films, and songs. Patriotic sentiment ran
high in Argentina, but the outcome prompted large protests against
the ruling military government, hastening its downfall. In the
United Kingdom, the Conservative government, bolstered by the
successful outcome, was re-elected with an increased majority the
following year. The cultural and political effect of the conflict
has been less in the UK than in Argentina, where it remains a
common topic for discussion. Diplomatic relations between the
United Kingdom and Argentina were restored in 1989 following a
meeting in Madrid, at which the two governments issued a joint
statement. No change in either country's position regarding the
sovereignty of the Falkland Islands was made explicit. In 1994,
Argentina's claim to the territories was added to its
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The War
Years: The Battle Of Dien Bien Phu MP4 Video Download DVD
May 7, 1954: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Indochina Wars: The First Indochina War
(1946-1954) (The Indochina War, The Anti-French Resistance War,
The French-Indochina War): The Battle Of Dien Bien Phu (French:
Bataille De Dien Bien Phu, Vietnamese: Chien Dich Dien Bien Phu):
The Fall Of Dien Bien Phu: -- The French Indochina War ends with
the fall of Dien Bien Phu, marking Vietnam's victory over French
colonial forces which were then forced to withdraw from northern
Vietnam. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the climactic battle in the
First Indochina War, began on March 13, 1954, when Viet Minh
communist-nationalist revolutionaries under Vo Nguyen Giap
unleashed a massive artillery barrage on the French Union's French
Far East Expeditionary Corps. It was, from the French view before
the event, a set piece battle to draw out the Vietnamese and
destroy them with superior firepower. The battle occurred between
March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat
that influenced negotiations underway at Geneva among several
nations over the future of Indochina. As a result of blunders in
French decision-making, the French began an operation to insert,
then support, the soldiers at Dien Bien Phu, deep in the hills of
northwestern Vietnam. Its purpose was to cut off Viet Minh supply
lines into the neighboring Kingdom of Laos, a French ally, and
tactically draw the Viet Minh into a major confrontation in order
to cripple them. The plan was to resupply the French position by
air, and was based on the belief that the Viet Minh had no
anti-aircraft capability. The Viet Minh, however, under General Vo
Nguyen Giap, surrounded and besieged the French. The Viet Minh
brought in vast amounts of heavy artillery (including antiaircraft
guns). They moved these weapons through difficult terrain up the
rear slopes of the mountains surrounding the French positions, dug
tunnels through the mountain, and placed the artillery pieces
overlooking the French encampment. This positioning of the
artillery made it nearly impervious to French counter-battery
fire. The Viet Minh opened fire with a massive artillery
bombardment in March. After several days the French artillery
commander, Charles Piroth, unable to respond with any effective
counterbattery fire, committed suicide. The Viet Minh occupied the
highlands around Dien Bien Phu and bombarded the French positions.
Tenacious fighting on the ground ensued, reminiscent of the trench
warfare of World War I. The French repeatedly repulsed Viet Minh
assaults on their positions. Supplies and reinforcements were
delivered by air, though as the key French positions were overrun,
the French perimeter contracted and the air resupply on which the
French had placed their hopes became impossible. As the Viet Minh
antiaircraft fire took its toll, fewer and fewer of those supplies
reached the French. The garrison was overrun in May after a
two-month siege, and most of the French forces surrendered. A few
of them escaped to Laos. The French government in Paris then
resigned, and the new Prime Minister, the left-of-centre Pierre
Mendes France, supported French withdrawal from Indochina. The war
ended shortly after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the signing of
the 1954 Geneva Accords. France agreed to withdraw its forces from
all its colonies in French Indochina, while stipulating that
Vietnam would be temporarily divided at the 17th parallel, with
control of the north given to the Viet Minh as the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh, and the south becoming the
State of Vietnam, nominally under Emperor Bao Dai, preventing Ho
Chi Minh from gaining control of the entire country. The refusal
of Ngo Dinh Diem (the US-supported President of the first Republic
of Vietnam (RVN) to allow elections in 1956, as had been
stipulated by the Geneva Conference, eventually led to the Vietnam
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Temple
In Jerusalem & The Ark Of The Covenant MP4 Download DVD
May 7, 2007: Archaelogy (Archeology):
Great Discoveries Of Archaeology: The Roman Empire: The Herodian
Kingdom: The Herodium: The Tomb Of Herod The Great: -- Israeli
archaeologists, led by The Hebrew University's archaeologist
Professor Ehud Netzer, discover the tomb of Herod the Great south
of Jerusalem. Herod I, also known as Herod the Great, Roman Jewish
client king of the Herodian kingdom of Judea, known for his
colossal building projects, among which ere the rebuilding of the
Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of its base the
Western Wall being part of it, described in the Christian Bible as
the coordinator of the Massacre Of The Innocents, in which of all
male children who were two years old and under in the vicinity of
Bethlehem were killed as a result of the Three Magi's visit with
Herod to seek guidance as to where the new king of the Jews had
been born (c. 72 - 4 or 1 BCE) was born in Idumea, south of Judea,
the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranking official
under ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean Arab princess
from Petra, in present-day Jordan. Many of the crucial details of
his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE
Roman-Jewish historian Josephus. Despite Herod's successes,
including forging a new aristocracy, he has been criticized by
various historians. Some consider his reign to have been
tyrannical. Most scholars find no support for the historicity of
Matthew's account of the Massacre Of The Innocents attributede to
Herod The Great. Most other New Testament references to 'Herod'
are either to his son Herod Antipas (such as the events leading to
the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth in
Matthew 14), or his grandson Herod Agrippa (in Acts 12). Herod
died in Jericho, after an unidentified but excruciatingly painful,
putrefying illness, known to posterity as "Herod's Evil".
Josephus states that the pain of his illness led Herod to attempt
suicide by stabbing, and that the attempt was thwarted by his
cousin. In some much later narratives and depictions, the attempt
succeeds; for example, in the 12th-century Eadwine Psalter. Other
medieval dramatizations, such as the Ordo Rachelis, follow
Josephus' account. Josephus stated that Herod was so concerned
that no one would mourn his death that he commanded a large group
of distinguished men to come to Jericho, and he gave an order that
they should be killed at the time of his death so that the
displays of grief that he craved would take place; his
brother-in-law Alexas and his sister Salome did not carry out this
wish. The location of Herod's tomb is documented by Josephus, who
writes, "And the body was carried two hundred furlongs, to
Herodium, where he had given order to be buried." Professor
Ehud Netzer, an archaeologist from the Hebrew University, read the
writings of Josephus and focused his search on the vicinity of the
pool and its surroundings. On May 7. 2007, an Israeli team of
archaeologists of Hebrew University, led by Netzer, announced they
had discovered the tomb. The site is located at the exact location
given by Josephus, atop tunnels and water pools, at a flattened
desert site, halfway up the hill to Herodium, 12 km (7.5 mi) south
of Jerusalem. The tomb contained a broken sarcophagus but no
remains of a body. Upon Herod's death, the Romans divided his
kingdom among three of his sons and his sister: his son Herod
Antipas received the tetrarchy of Galilee and Peraea. Other family
members of Herod the Great include Herod's son Herod Archelaus,
who became ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea; Herod's son
Philip who became tetrarch of territories north and east of the
Jordan River; and Herod's sister Salome I, who was given a
toparchy including the cities of Jabneh, Ashdod, and Fasayil
(Phasaelis). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
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